ZO 315 -- COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
EXAM 1
1. Explain why biological structure and the properties of biological materials impose design limitations on vertebrates. Give an example. [10 pts.]
2. Why does W. Garstang think that chordates arose through larval echinoderms? What are the problems with his hypothesis? [10 pts.]
3. As vertebrates evolved into larger forms, why was the problem of surface area significant, and how did larger forms solve this problem? [8 pts.]
4. Describe the connection between the evolution of the mammalian jaw/jaw joint and changes in hearing. [10 pts.]
5. What trends in the evolution of the vertebral column explain the structure of the mammalian vertebral column? [10 pts.]
6. Based on the evolutionary origin of tetrapod limbs, explain the asymmetry of the limb skeleton. [10 pts.]
7. Explain the functional significance of six (6) of the following seven items: [3 pts. each]
You may answer the seventh item for extra credit, but to receive the extra points, you must write "EC" next to the extra credit answer.
8. Describe the relationships between six (6) of the following seven pairs of terms. What do the terms have to do with each other? Hint: do not simply define each term, but relate them to each other. You may attempt the seventh pair of terms for bonus credit, and will not be penalized if you are incorrect. Be sure to clearly label your extra credit answer, so that it will be graded appropriately. [4 pts. each]